使用sqlplus创建一个新的到oracle的连接,并执行测试SQL:
开启另一个会话,
SQL> select sid,serial# from v$session where sid=(select sid from v$mystat where rownum=1);
SID SERIAL#
---------- ----------
22 153
SQL> var v_flag number;
SQL> exec :v_flag:=500;
SQL> set autot on stat
SQL> @test
SUM(VALUE)
----------
612500
统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
0 recursive calls
0 db block gets
8575 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
411 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
384 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
1 rows processed
SQL> select sid,serial# from v$session where sid=(select sid from v$mystat where rownum=1);
SID SERIAL#
---------- ----------
22 153
SQL> var v_flag number;
SQL> exec :v_flag:=500;
SQL> set autot on stat
SQL> @test
SUM(VALUE)
----------
612500
统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
0 recursive calls
0 db block gets
8575 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
411 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
384 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
1 rows processed
从SQL执行得到的逻辑读来看,仍然是走的全表扫描。这里很明显使用索引更为合适,这就是使用绑定变量引起的副作用。
然而,如果我们打这个这个会话的10046 事件,则结果如何呢?
SQL> exec sys.dbms_system.set_ev(22,153,10046,12,'');
SQL> exec :v_flag:=410;
SQL> @test
SUM(VALUE)
----------
610250
SQL> exec sys.dbms_system.set_ev(22,153,10046,12,'');
SQL> exec :v_flag:=410;
SQL> @test
SUM(VALUE)
----------
610250
下面是trace文件的内容:
PARSING IN CURSOR #1 len=59 dep=0 uid=55 oct=3 lid=55 tim=7703132042 hv=954944791 ad='27cf5884'
select /*+ testsql */ sum(value) from t1 where flag=:v_flag
END OF STMT
PARSE #1:c=0,e=309,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=1,r=0,dep=0,og=1,tim=7703132037
BINDS #1:
kkscoacd
Bind#0
oacdty=02 mxl=22(22) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00
oacflg=03 fl2=1000000 frm=00 csi=00 siz=24 off=0
kxsbbbfp=0819ca94 bln=22 avl=03 flg=05
value=410
EXEC #1:c=15625,e=8864,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=1,r=0,dep=0,og=1,tim=7703164320
WAIT #1: nam='SQL*Net message to client' ela= 5 driver id=1111838976 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=-1 tim=7703165526
FETCH #1:c=0,e=237,p=0,cr=27,cu=0,mis=0,r=1,dep=0,og=1,tim=7703166929
WAIT #1: nam='SQL*Net message from client' ela= 187 driver id=1111838976 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=-1 tim=7703168520
FETCH #1:c=0,e=3,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=0,og=0,tim=7703169851
WAIT #1: nam='SQL*Net message to client' ela= 5 driver id=1111838976 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=-1 tim=7703171170
WAIT #1: nam='SQL*Net message from client' ela= 421 driver id=1111838976 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=-1 tim=7703172845
STAT #1 id=1 cnt=1 pid=0 pos=1 obj=0 op='SORT AGGREGATE (cr=27 pr=0 pw=0 time=260 us)'
STAT #1 id=2 cnt=25 pid=1 pos=1 obj=51606 op='TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID T1 (cr=27 pr=0 pw=0 time=439 us)'
STAT #1 id=3 cnt=25 pid=2 pos=1 obj=51607 op='INDEX RANGE SCAN T1_IDX (cr=2 pr=0 pw=0 time=36 us)'
PARSING IN CURSOR #1 len=59 dep=0 uid=55 oct=3 lid=55 tim=7703132042 hv=954944791 ad='27cf5884'
select /*+ testsql */ sum(value) from t1 where flag=:v_flag
END OF STMT
PARSE #1:c=0,e=309,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=1,r=0,dep=0,og=1,tim=7703132037
BINDS #1:
kkscoacd
Bind#0
oacdty=02 mxl=22(22) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00
oacflg=03 fl2=1000000 frm=00 csi=00 siz=24 off=0
kxsbbbfp=0819ca94 bln=22 avl=03 flg=05
value=410
EXEC #1:c=15625,e=8864,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=1,r=0,dep=0,og=1,tim=7703164320
WAIT #1: nam='SQL*Net message to client' ela= 5 driver id=1111838976 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=-1 tim=7703165526
FETCH #1:c=0,e=237,p=0,cr=27,cu=0,mis=0,r=1,dep=0,og=1,tim=7703166929
WAIT #1: nam='SQL*Net message from client' ela= 187 driver id=1111838976 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=-1 tim=7703168520
FETCH #1:c=0,e=3,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=0,og=0,tim=7703169851
WAIT #1: nam='SQL*Net message to client' ela= 5 driver id=1111838976 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=-1 tim=7703171170
WAIT #1: nam='SQL*Net message from client' ela= 421 driver id=1111838976 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=-1 tim=7703172845
STAT #1 id=1 cnt=1 pid=0 pos=1 obj=0 op='SORT AGGREGATE (cr=27 pr=0 pw=0 time=260 us)'
STAT #1 id=2 cnt=25 pid=1 pos=1 obj=51606 op='TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID T1 (cr=27 pr=0 pw=0 time=439 us)'
STAT #1 id=3 cnt=25 pid=2 pos=1 obj=51607 op='INDEX RANGE SCAN T1_IDX (cr=2 pr=0 pw=0 time=36 us)'
可以看,mis=1,表明发生了硬解析,op=’INDEX RANGE SCAN T1_IDX 表明使用使用了索引,而op=’SORT AGGREGATE (cr=27 表明逻辑读只有27,逻辑读幅下降,的确是使用了索引。
SQL> select sql_id,hash_value,child_number,executions from v$sql where sql_text like '%testsql%' and sql_text not like '%v$sql%';
SQL_ID HASH_VALUE CHILD_NUMBER EXECUTIONS
------------- ---------- ------------ ----------
8hdvb5nwfqm8r 954944791 0 7
8hdvb5nwfqm8r 954944791 1 1
SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor('8hdvb5nwfqm8r',1));
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
-------------------------------------
SQL_ID 8hdvb5nwfqm8r, child number 1
-------------------------------------
select /*+ testsql */ sum(value) from t1 where flag=:v_flag
Plan hash value: 1563165360
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 30 (100)| |
| 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 17 | | |
| 2 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T1 | 33 | 561 | 30 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 3 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | T1_IDX | 33 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
3 - access("FLAG"=:V_FLAG)
SQL> select sql_id,hash_value,child_number,executions from v$sql where sql_text like '%testsql%' and sql_text not like '%v$sql%';
SQL_ID HASH_VALUE CHILD_NUMBER EXECUTIONS
------------- ---------- ------------ ----------
8hdvb5nwfqm8r 954944791 0 7
8hdvb5nwfqm8r 954944791 1 1
SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor('8hdvb5nwfqm8r',1));
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
-------------------------------------
SQL_ID 8hdvb5nwfqm8r, child number 1
-------------------------------------
select /*+ testsql */ sum(value) from t1 where flag=:v_flag
Plan hash value: 1563165360
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 30 (100)| |
| 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 17 | | |
| 2 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T1 | 33 | 561 | 30 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 3 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | T1_IDX | 33 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
3 - access("FLAG"=:V_FLAG)
从上面的输出可以看到,这条SQL已经产生了另外一个子游标(child cursor)。而查看新的子游标的执行计划,已经使用了索引。
由此,可以看出,开启sql trace之后,会话执行的SQL将不会重用未开启sql trace时生成的执行计划,而发生硬解析。由于硬解析时绑定变量窥视,将会使硬解析产生的子游标,其执行计划可能发生了变化。
在最后,我们来看看引起游标不能共享的原因是什么?
SQL> select * from v$sql_shared_cursor where sql_id='8hdvb5nwfqm8r';
SQL_ID ADDRESS CHILD_AD CHILD_NUMBER U S O O S L S E B P I S T A B D L T R I I R L I O S M U T N F A I T D L D B P C S R P T M B M R O P M F L
------------- -------- -------- ------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
8hdvb5nwfqm8r 27CF5884 27CF57A0 0 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
8hdvb5nwfqm8r 27CF5884 27CCC968 1 N N N N Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
SQL> select * from v$sql_shared_cursor where sql_id='8hdvb5nwfqm8r';
SQL_ID ADDRESS CHILD_AD CHILD_NUMBER U S O O S L S E B P I S T A B D L T R I I R L I O S M U T N F A I T D L D B P C S R P T M B M R O P M F L
------------- -------- -------- ------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
8hdvb5nwfqm8r 27CF5884 27CF57A0 0 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
8hdvb5nwfqm8r 27CF5884 27CCC968 1 N N N N Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
从结果可以看到,STATS_ROW_MISMATCH导致了游标不能共享,Oracle文档这个列的解释是:The existing statistics do not match the existing child cursor。
在最后,使用10g的dbms_monitor包来打开会话的sql trace,测试结果完全相同。