有很多的工具用于格式化生成的trace文件,除了Oracle自带的TKPROF、Metalink Note 224270.1 Trace Analyzer,以及第三方的免费工具如orasrp,《Troubleshooting Oracle Performance》作者开发的TVD$XTAT,甚至还有商业化的软件Hotsos Profiler等。
不过前段时间在用10046事件诊断一个性能问题的时候,却让生成的结果误导了。后来仔细检查发现,在会话开启sql trace的情况下,SQL语句会重新解析,导致开启sql trace之后与开启之前相比,执行计划可能发生了变化,导致sql trace的结果不能真实地反映会话执行SQL的情况,在分析时容易发生偏差。
测试的环境是Oracle 10.2.0.1 for Windows,不过前面提到的案例,是发生在Oracle 9i下的,所以9i和10g都有这个问题,而11g目前还没有测试过,有兴趣的朋友可以在11g上进行测试。
首先创建一个sql文件,内容为:
select /*+ testsql */ sum(value) from t1 where flag=:v_flag;
创建一个列上数据有倾斜的表:
SQL> create table t1 (value number ,flag number,pad varchar2(2000));
表已创建。
SQL> insert into t1 select rownum,mod(rownum,2000),lpad('x',1000,'x') from dba_objects;
已创建49796行。
SQL> commit;
提交完成。
SQL> insert into t1 select rownum,3000,lpad('x',1000,'x') from dba_objects where rownum<=10000;
已创建10000行。
SQL> commit;
提交完成。
SQL> create index t1_idx on t1(flag);
索引已创建。
SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname=>user,tabname=>'T1',cascade=>true,method_opt=>'for all indexed columns');
PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。
SQL> select column_name,num_distinct,num_buckets from user_tab_columns where table_name='T1';
COLUMN_NAME NUM_DISTINCT NUM_BUCKETS
------------------------------ ------------ -----------
VALUE
FLAG 2030 75
PAD
select /*+ testsql */ sum(value) from t1 where flag=:v_flag;
创建一个列上数据有倾斜的表:
SQL> create table t1 (value number ,flag number,pad varchar2(2000));
表已创建。
SQL> insert into t1 select rownum,mod(rownum,2000),lpad('x',1000,'x') from dba_objects;
已创建49796行。
SQL> commit;
提交完成。
SQL> insert into t1 select rownum,3000,lpad('x',1000,'x') from dba_objects where rownum<=10000;
已创建10000行。
SQL> commit;
提交完成。
SQL> create index t1_idx on t1(flag);
索引已创建。
SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname=>user,tabname=>'T1',cascade=>true,method_opt=>'for all indexed columns');
PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。
SQL> select column_name,num_distinct,num_buckets from user_tab_columns where table_name='T1';
COLUMN_NAME NUM_DISTINCT NUM_BUCKETS
------------------------------ ------------ -----------
VALUE
FLAG 2030 75
PAD
在创建的测试表中,FLAG列有2001个不同的值,其中,0-1999之间每个值约为25个,而有一个特殊的值3000,有10000个。收集统计信息时,在FLAG列上收集了直方图。
下面运行test.sql:
SQL> var v_flag number;
SQL> exec :v_flag:=3000;
SQL> set autot on stat
SQL> @test
SUM(VALUE)
----------
50005000
统计信息
-------------------------------------------------------
0 recursive calls
0 db block gets
8575 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
412 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
384 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
1 rows processed
SQL> var v_flag number;
SQL> exec :v_flag:=3000;
SQL> set autot on stat
SQL> @test
SUM(VALUE)
----------
50005000
统计信息
-------------------------------------------------------
0 recursive calls
0 db block gets
8575 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
412 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
384 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
1 rows processed
我们来看看SQL的执行计划:
SQL> select sql_id,hash_value,child_number,executions from v$sql where sql_text like '%testsql%' and sql_text not like '%v$sql%';
SQL_ID HASH_VALUE CHILD_NUMBER EXECUTIONS
------------- ---------- ------------ ----------
8hdvb5nwfqm8r 954944791 0 2
SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor('8hdvb5nwfqm8r',0));
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
---------------------------------------
SQL_ID 8hdvb5nwfqm8r, child number 0
-------------------------------------
select /*+ testsql */ sum(value) from t1 where flag=:v_flag
Plan hash value: 3724264953
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 765 (100)| |
| 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 17 | | |
|* 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T1 | 9863 | 163K| 765 (1)| 00:00:07 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
2 - filter("FLAG"=:V_FLAG)
SQL> select sql_id,hash_value,child_number,executions from v$sql where sql_text like '%testsql%' and sql_text not like '%v$sql%';
SQL_ID HASH_VALUE CHILD_NUMBER EXECUTIONS
------------- ---------- ------------ ----------
8hdvb5nwfqm8r 954944791 0 2
SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor('8hdvb5nwfqm8r',0));
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
---------------------------------------
SQL_ID 8hdvb5nwfqm8r, child number 0
-------------------------------------
select /*+ testsql */ sum(value) from t1 where flag=:v_flag
Plan hash value: 3724264953
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 765 (100)| |
| 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 17 | | |
|* 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T1 | 9863 | 163K| 765 (1)| 00:00:07 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
2 - filter("FLAG"=:V_FLAG)
可以看到,由于绑定变量窥视,SQL语句走了全表扫描,没有使用索引。
SQL> exec :v_flag:=300;
SQL> set autot on stat
SQL> @test
SUM(VALUE)
----------
607500
统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
0 recursive calls
0 db block gets
8575 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
411 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
384 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
1 rows processed
SQL> exec :v_flag:=300;
SQL> set autot on stat
SQL> @test
SUM(VALUE)
----------
607500
统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
0 recursive calls
0 db block gets
8575 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
411 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
384 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
1 rows processed
从上面的输出可以看到,在变量=300时,仍然走了全表扫描,仍然没有使用索引。